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Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations11 min read

Carta vs Shareworks vs Pulley: Equity Accounting & Cap Table Comparison

Compare Carta, Shareworks, and Pulley for equity accounting: ASC 718 stock comp expense, 409A valuations, QSBS tracking, and secondary liquidity.

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Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations4 min read

Carta vs Pulley for a Pre-IPO SaaS Cap Table

How late-stage SaaS finance teams should weigh Carta against Pulley on ASC 718 reporting, 409A turnaround and secondary tender offers before an IPO.

Read guidesoftware-publishers-saas
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations4 min read

Setting Up Equity Software Before Your First Priced Round

A step-by-step look at when a custom software and product engineering shop needs Pulley or Carta for option grants, fair market value and vesting records.

Read guidesoftware-development-company
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Cap Table Checklist for an MSP's First Option Grants

A pre-decision checklist for IT consulting and MSP owners choosing between Pulley and Carta to manage equity, 409A valuations and stock comp reporting.

Read guideit-consulting-company
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Cap Table Tools for a Fintech's Multi-Class Stock

How embedded finance and payments companies should weigh Pulley against Carta when preferred stock stacks, investor rights and audit scope multiply fast.

Read guidefintech-payments-software
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Does a Consulting Firm Even Need a 409A?

Answers to the questions consulting firm owners ask before setting up Pulley or Carta to grant partner-track equity, phantom stock or real options.

Read guideconsulting-any-type
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

A CPA Firm's Worksheet for Its Own Equity Plan

A worksheet-style walkthrough for accounting and CPA practices deciding between Pulley and Carta, including the state ownership rules that shape the plan.

Read guideaccounting-cpa-firm
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Equity Tools for a Law Firm's Non-Legal Ventures

Why most law firms can't grant real stock options to non-lawyers, and how Pulley and Carta fit the separate entities firms use to work around that rule.

Read guidelaw-firm-attorney
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Equity as a Retention Lever for Agency Talent

Two approaches to granting equity at a digital marketing or performance agency, and where Pulley and Carta's tradeoffs actually matter for each one.

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Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

A Search Boutique's First Profits Interest Grant

A worked example of granting a partner-track profits interest at an LLC-structured executive search or advisory boutique, and where Pulley or Carta fits.

Read guidefractional-executive-advisory
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Cap Table Pitfalls in a Staffing Agency Roll-Up

A checklist for technical and executive staffing agencies granting equity or consolidating cap tables across a private-equity-backed roll-up.

Read guiderecruiting-staffing-agency
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

When an Engineering Firm's ESOP Isn't the Answer

Why many civil and structural engineering firms use an ESOP instead of stock options, and when Pulley or Carta still fits a firm's equity plan.

Read guideengineering-consulting-firm
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Questions Before Granting Equity at a Design Studio

Answers to what architecture and design studio owners ask before setting up Pulley or Carta for equity, from licensing rules to project-based valuation.

Read guidearchitecture-firm
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Granting Equity at an RIA Without a Form ADV Surprise

A step-by-step look at what a registered investment advisor needs to check before granting real equity, and where Pulley or Carta fits the process.

Read guideinvestment-financial-advisory
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

A Biotech Consultancy's Worksheet for Its Own Cap Table

A worksheet for life sciences and biotech consulting firms setting up equity for senior scientific staff, and where Pulley or Carta fits each line.

Read guidescientific-technical-consulting
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Two Ways a Tax Advisory Firm Can Structure Equity

Real equity through a subsidiary versus a phantom formula tied to the practice, and how each tradeoff shapes whether Pulley or Carta fits your firm.

Read guidetax-preparation-service
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations4 min read

An HR Consultancy Practicing What It Advises Clients On

A worked example of an HR strategy and compensation consultancy setting up its own equity plan, and where Pulley or Carta fits the process.

Read guidehuman-resources-consulting
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations4 min read

Cap Table Hygiene for an M&A Advisory Boutique

Criteria for an M&A advisory or growth strategy boutique choosing between Pulley and Carta, with diligence readiness as the central concern.

Read guidemanagement-strategy-consulting
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations4 min read

Equity Pitfalls for a Bootstrapped DTC Brand

A checklist for direct-to-consumer brands weighing real options against debt-funded growth, and where Pulley or Carta fits either path.

Read guidee-commerce-online-selling
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Untangling a Family Distributor's Paper Cap Table

How a wholesale distributor with decades of paper stock certificates should approach Pulley or Carta once the records finally need to be accurate.

Read guidewholesale-distribution
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Equity for a Designer or Athlete Collaboration, Done Right

A brand's checklist for structuring milestone-tied equity for a designer, athlete or collaborator, and where Pulley or Carta fits once it's granted.

Read guideapparel-accessories-brand
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Reaching Unreachable Equity Holders Before Your Next Round

A B2B marketplace's guide to tracing dissolved or unreachable equity holders before a raise, and where Pulley or Carta fits the cleanup.

Read guideb2b-marketplace-brokerage
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations4 min read

Phantom Units for Store Leaders, Real Shares for Corporate

How a multi-channel retail brand should split phantom units from real stock options across store and corporate teams, and pick a platform for either.

Read guideomnichannel-retail-brand
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations4 min read

Pulley vs. Carta When Your Newsletter Becomes a Company

How Pulley and Carta handle the moment a newsletter or paid community converts from an LLC to a C-corp and old contributor promises need real equity.

Read guidenewsletter-paid-community
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations4 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for an Established General Contractor

A decision guide for commercial general contractors choosing between Pulley and Carta to track owner equity, phantom stock, and 409A for key project staff.

Read guidecommercial-construction-company
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Setting Up Equity Accounting for a Growing Fleet or 3PL

A step-by-step runbook for freight fleets and 3PLs setting up equity or phantom equity for terminal managers, then choosing between Pulley and Carta.

Read guidelogistics-freight-independent-trucking
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for Precision Manufacturers Retaining Engineers

A checklist for precision contract manufacturers weighing real equity against phantom equity for key engineers, then choosing Pulley or Carta.

Read guidespecialized-manufacturing
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for Building Material Suppliers' Equity

Common questions building material suppliers ask about setting up equity or phantom equity for regional GMs, and choosing Pulley or Carta.

Read guidebuilding-materials-supplier
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

A Worksheet for Equity in an Industrial Field Service Business

A worksheet industrial equipment and field service companies can use to plan territory manager equity, then pick between Pulley and Carta.

Read guideindustrial-equipment-repair-service
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for Hazmat and Reefer Carriers' Equity

Two approaches to equity for temperature-controlled and hazmat carriers, the tradeoffs of each, and how Pulley and Carta fit once you pick one.

Read guidespecialized-freight-trucking
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for a Solar EPC's Company Equity

A runbook for commercial solar and energy EPC firms separating project-level tax equity from company equity, then choosing Pulley or Carta.

Read guiderenewable-energy-contractor
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for a Dental Support Organization

A decision guide for DSOs weighing Pulley and Carta to track management company equity and founding dentists' rollover stakes across affiliated practices.

Read guidedental-practice-group
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for MedSpa and Outpatient Clinic Equity

A checklist for specialty outpatient and medspa groups setting up physician and medical director equity, then choosing between Pulley and Carta.

Read guideprivate-healthcare-medspa-practices
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for a Multi-Hospital Vet Group's Equity

A worked example of a veterinary consolidator granting rollover and associate-vet equity, and how Pulley and Carta fit each stage of that growth.

Read guideveterinary-practice-group
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for an Outpatient PT Network's Equity

Answers to the equity questions outpatient physical therapy networks ask most, and how Pulley and Carta fit at different stages of consolidation.

Read guidephysical-therapy-practice-group
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

A Worksheet for Equity in a Behavioral Health Group

A worksheet multi-provider behavioral health groups can use to plan clinician equity and rollover stakes, then choose between Pulley and Carta.

Read guidemental-health-counseling-practice
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for a Commercial Brokerage's Equity

Two ways commercial real estate brokerages structure partner and top-producer equity, the tradeoffs of each, and where Pulley and Carta fit.

Read guidereal-estate-agencies-brokerages
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for a Multifamily Property Manager

A runbook for commercial and multifamily property managers separating GP promote interests from company equity, then choosing Pulley or Carta.

Read guideproperty-management-company
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for a PE Portfolio Company's MIP

A decision guide for lower-middle-market PE portfolio companies weighing Pulley and Carta for management rollover equity and MIP waterfalls.

Read guideprivate-equity-portco
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for a Commercial Debt Advisory Firm

A checklist for commercial mortgage brokerages setting up platform equity for top originators, then choosing between Pulley and Carta.

Read guidecommercial-mortgage-brokerage
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations4 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for a Specialty Asset-Based Lender

A worked example of a specialty lender granting equity to its underwriting team, and how Pulley and Carta fit as the balance sheet grows.

Read guidespecialty-finance-lending
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations4 min read

Pulley vs. Carta When Your Franchise Units Are Separate LLCs

A guide for multi-unit franchise operators on tracking a GM's equity buy-in across unit LLCs, franchisor transfer approval, and whether Pulley or Carta fits.

Read guidefranchise-operator-multi-unit
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for an Agency's Producer Stock Redemption Plan

A checklist for property and casualty agencies on documenting producer stock redemption terms, funding the buyout, and where Pulley or Carta fits.

Read guideinsurance-agency-brokerage
Equity Accounting & 409A Valuation Operations3 min read

Pulley vs. Carta for Contractors Managing FOCI and Facility Clearances

How federal and defense contractors should think about foreign ownership review and indirect rate rules before choosing Pulley or Carta for equity records.

Read guidegovcon-defense-contractor